Ancient Roman Republic Denarius – C. Antestius (c. 146 BCE) – Replica

This replica coin reproduces a silver denarius issued by the Roman Republic around 146 BCE, during the magistracy of moneyer C. Antestius. This period marked the rise of Rome as the dominant Mediterranean power, following its victory in the Punic Wars and the destruction of Carthage and Corinth in the same year. These coins circulated widely across the expanding Republic, funding its armies and commerce.

Historical Background:
Before the Roman Empire, the Roman Republic (509–27 BCE) was governed by elected magistrates and the Senate. The denarius, first introduced around 211 BCE, became the Republic’s main silver coin and a vital tool for trade, taxation, and paying soldiers. Designs often featured Rome’s gods, heroes, and military power to inspire civic pride and unity.

Design & Symbolism:

• Obverse (Front):
  Shows the helmeted head of Roma, the personification of the city and the Roman state, facing right. The “X” mark below her chin indicates the coin’s value as 10 asses (the basic Roman unit of currency). Roma’s image symbolized courage, discipline, and loyalty to the Republic.

• Reverse (Back):
  Depicts the Dioscuri twins, Castor and Pollux, galloping on horseback with raised spears, wearing flowing capes and starry caps. Below them appears the inscription “ROMA” and the moneyer’s name C·ANT (for C. Antestius). The Dioscuri were considered divine protectors of Roman soldiers and symbolized military valor and divine favor.