Macedonian Tetradrachm – Philip II Zeus & Horseman – Replica (c. 354–348 BCE)

This replica coin reproduces a silver tetradrachm of Philip II of Macedon (359–336 BCE), struck at Pella between 354–348 BCE. Philip II, father of Alexander the Great, expanded Macedon into the dominant power of Greece, celebrated for his military reforms, diplomacy, and Olympic victories. His coinage became one of the most recognized in the ancient world and continued to circulate long after his death.

Historical Background:
Philip II’s reign transformed Macedon from a minor kingdom into a political and military powerhouse. His coins were not just currency but also powerful propaganda, spreading his image and achievements across Greece. The horseman reverse commemorates his victories in the Olympic Games’ equestrian events, while the portrait of Zeus symbolized divine sanction for his rule.

Design & Symbolism:

• Obverse (Front):
  Laureate head of Zeus facing right, representing divine authority and legitimacy.
• Reverse (Back):
  A horseman pacing left, raising his right hand and wearing a kausia (Macedonian cap). The Greek inscription ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΥ (“of Philip”) identifies the issuer. Horse & rider symbolizes Philip’s Olympic equestrian victories and Macedonian cavalry strength.